Implementing Genetic and Pharmacogenetic Discoveries in Veterinary Cardiology

Presentation Description / Summary: This talk will focus on incorporating genetic and pharmacogenetic knowledge into veterinary cardiology practice. We will review and highlight several key topic areas based upon the following key concepts: 1.) Many naturally occurring diseases of proven or presumed genetic origin are observed throughout the practice of veterinary cardiology. Breed specific diseases, whether congenital or acquired, represent continued opportunity for genetic discovery. 2.) The molecular and genetic underpinnings of even the most common diseases in veterinary cardiology remain largely unknown. Understanding the genetic etiology and molecular phenotype of cardiovascular diseases can aid in breeding practices to reduce disease prevalence, catapult research into new avenues and help develop novel, targeted therapies. 3.) Several genetic mutations have been shown to impact response to commonly prescribed cardiovascular therapies in dogs and cats with heart disease. Mutations associated with clopidogrel resistance in feline HCM and reduced response to sildenafil in canine pulmonary hypertension warrant consideration for alteration of drug therapy in patients harbouring these variants. Other mutations in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system genes and beta receptors warrant further therapy in the identification of their functional significance. 4.) As technology advances and genetic tools are improved, the cost of high-quality genetic research has reduced. This places veterinary cardiology on a steep incline in knowledge as whole genome sequencing and advanced data analysis is now within reach. Precision medicine approaches in veterinary medicine are now within reach and examples will be highlighted throughout this presentation. 5.) The genetic underpinnings of dilated, hypertrophic and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies are now at least partially understood in veterinary cardiology. Application of available knowledge and testing can improve patient therapies and our ability to prognosticate.