Abstract: Background – Dyslipidemia may be associated with calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis in rats and humans. Objective – To evaluate serum triglyceride and total cholesterol concentrations in dogs with CaOx urolithiasis. Animals – Breed- and age-matched dogs with CaOx stones (n= 12) and non-stone formers (NF; n= 12) were prospectively recruited from the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Sao Paulo. The exclusion criteria were endocrinopathies or the use of n-3 PUFAs or fibrates. Methods – All dogs were fed commercial diets for struvite urolith dissolution and CaOx prevention. The Body Condition Score (BCS) was assessed, and 12-hour fasting blood samples were collected at two time points with a twenty-day interval to measure blood glucose (RI 60 – 130 mg/dL), serum triglyceride (RI 40 – 168 mg/dL) and total cholesterol (RI 125 – 270 mg/dL) concentrations. Repeated measures two-way ANOVA was used for data analysis (P ≤ 0.05). Results – Hypertriglyceridemia was found in 5/12 NF dogs and 6/12 dogs with CaOx urolithiasis at least one time point. Hypercholesterolemia was observed in 3/12 NF dogs and 7/12 dogs with CaOx urolithiasis at least one time point. No differences were found between groups regarding BCS, blood glucose and serum triglycerides at any time point. A main effect of group (P= 0,0132) and time (P= 0,0132) was observed for total cholesterol, but no interaction between group and time was found. Conclusions – Dogs with CaOx urolithiasis should be screened for hypercholesterolemia. Further studies with proper design are needed to investigate a possible cause-and-effect relationship.
